【英文标准名称】:Railwayapplications;Track-Testmethodsforfasteningsystems-Part8:Inservicetesting;GermanversionEN13146-8:2002
【原文标准名称】:铁路应用.轨道.紧固系统试验方法.第8部分:在使用中测试;德文版本EN13146-8:2002
【标准号】:DINEN13146-8-2002
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:2002-11
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:铁路设备;紧固件;轨道(物料装卸设备);铁路建造;轨道紧固系统;铁路设施;试验条件;操作;电容性负载;导轨;效率;固定件;轨枕;定义;试验;交付使用;使用条件;耐久性;维修;持久道路;铁路;质量要求;持久性;实验室试验
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:S11
【国际标准分类号】:93_100
【页数】:7P;A4
【正文语种】:德语


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminingtheContentofCesium-137inIrradiatedNuclearFuelsbyHigh-ResolutionGamma-RaySpectralAnalysis
【原文标准名称】:用高分辨率γ射线光谱分析法对照射过的核燃料中的铯137的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME692-2000
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2000
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:E10.05
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:铯;试验;光谱分析;燃料;核能
【英文主题词】:Cesium-137;irradiateduraniumandplutoniumnuclearfuel,byhigh-resolution;gamma-rayspectralanalysis,test,;Gammaradiation;cesium-137inirradiateduranium/plutoniumnuclearfuels,by;high-resolutiongamma-rayspectralanalysis,test,;High-resolutiongamma-rayspectralanalysis;cesium-137content,ofirradiatedplutoniumanduraniumnuclearfuel,;test,;Nuclearfuels(reactor);cesium-137inirradiatednuclearfuels,byhigh-resolutiongamma-ray;spectralanalysis,test,;Plutonium;cesium-137content(ofirradiatednuclearfuel),byhigh-resolution;gamma-rayspectralanalysis,test,;Uranium;cesium-137content,byhigh-resolutiongamma-rayspectralanalysis,;test;
【摘要】:Thistestmethodusesahigh-resolutiongamma-rayspectrometerasabasisformeasuringthegamma-rayemissionrateof137Cs-137mBainadilutenitricacidsolutioncontaining10mg/Lofcesiumcarrier.Nochemicalseparationofthecesiumfromthedissolved-fuelsolutionisrequired.Theprincipalstepsconsistofdilutingaweighedaliquotofthedissolved-fuelsolutionwithaknownmassof1Mnitricacid(HNO3)andmeasuringthe662keVgamma-raycountratefromthesample,thenmeasuringthe662keVgamma-raycountratefromastandardsourcethathasthesamephysicalformandcountinggeometryasthesample.Theamountoffuelsamplerequiredfortheanalysisissmall.Forasamplecontaining1mgoffuelirradiatedtooneatompercentfission,anetcountrateofapproximately103countspersecondwillbeobservedforacountinggeometrythatyieldsafull-energypeakefficiencyfractionof1x00D7;10-3.Theadvantageofthissmallamountofsampleisthattheconcentrationoffuelmaterialcanbekeptatlevelswellbelow1g/L,whichresultsinnegligibleself-absorptioninthesamplealiquotandasmallradiationhazardtotheanalyst.1.1ThistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthenumberofatomsofCsinaqueoussolutionsofirradiateduraniumandplutoniumnuclearfuel.Tominimizeinterferencefromshort-livedfissionproducts,thefuelshoulddecay4monthsormorepriortothegamma-rayemission-ratemeasurement.1.2Whencombinedwithamethodfordeterminingtheinitialnumberoffissileatomsinthefuel,theresultsofthisanalysisallowsatompercentfission(burnup)tobecalculated.Thedeterminationofatompercentfission,uraniumandplutoniumconcentrations,andisotopicabundancesarecoveredinTestMethodsE267andE321.1.3Csisnotsuitableasafissionmonitorforsamplesthatmayhavelostcesiumduringreactoroperation.Forexample,alargetemperaturegradientenhancesCsmigrationfromthefuelregiontocoolerregionssuchastheradialfuel-cladgap,ortoalesserextent,towardstheaxialfuelend.1.4TheCsdistributionmaybeascertainedbyanaxialgamma-rayscanofthefuelelementtobeassayed.Inamixed-oxidefuel,comparisonoftheCsdistributionwiththedistributionofnonmigratingfission-productnuclidessuchasZrorCewouldindicatetherelativedegreeofCsmigration.AnonuniformCsdistributionshouldalerttheanalysttothepotentiallossofthefissionnuclide.1.5Thisstandardmayinvolvehazardousmaterials,operations,andequipment.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyproblemsassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityofwhoeverusesthisstandardtoconsultandestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:F46
【国际标准分类号】:27_120_30
【页数】:3P.;A4
【正文语种】: